Despite significant progress in oncological research, cancer remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide. The disease continues to pose an enormous challenge for patients, their families and the healthcare system. Particular problems include the side effects of many treatments and the ability of tumours to develop resistance to drugs over time. Against this backdrop, a Christian Doppler Laboratory has been established at the Medical University of Graz, which is pursuing an innovative approach to cancer treatment: the use of novel lipid emulsions as a potential adjunct to chemotherapy.